Valve seat grinder



Nov. 20, T934. J. HQLLAND vALvsEAT GRIYNDER t Fund )lay 4, 1954 Patented Nov. 20, 1934 1,981,299 PATENT oFFlcE 1,981,269 vALvEfsnA'r Gunmen John W. Holland, Fitchburg, Mass., assigner to Holland-Kenyon Machine Company, Fitchburg, Mass., a partnership consisting of John W.

, Holland and Samuel KenyonI Application my 4, 1934, serial No. 123,941

` 9 claims.. (c1. 51-241) The present invention relates to a portable tool for the grinding of valve seats in internal combustion engines, the tool being particularly useful in the grinding of the hardened valve seat inserts 4.

automobile` found in certain of the presentday engines.

In prior devices of this character, the grinding` wheel is centered with respect to thevalve seatv by a pilot engageable with the valve guide.

yIn

this typelvof grindenvthe wheel engages simultaneously with all portions of the valve seat and, in the grinding of valve seats in this manner, the wheel rapidly `becomesgummed, requiring f requent dressing operations-on said wheell in order to maintain a suitable cutting surface.

The objections to the concentric grinding of l v valve seats have been eliminated in eccentric valve seat grinder constructions in which the axis of rotation of the cutting wheel is eccentric tothe pilot on which the device is mounted, the wheel being turned about the pilot for engagement successively with all points on the valve seat. The present invention involves, in this type of grinder, the provision of means for adjusting the grinding member axially toward and away from the valve seat; this adjustment being procured bymeans of a member engageable with a portion of the en= gine, thus supporting the grinding member against axial movement relative to the valve seat for producing a perfectly true valve seat.

Portable valve seat grinders, of either the ec'- centric or concentric type are, in general, supported entirely upon the pilot, and itthe grinder is not balanced about the axis of the pilot, the lat-` ter, being relatively slender, is sprung by the weight of the device and produces an uneven valve seat. A further object of the present invention is to avoid any tendency of the device to spring the relative to the valve seat has a tapered lower end I which engages the valve guide adjacent the valve seat. Since the several valve guides in an engine do not wear uniformly, the upper or centering portion of the pilot does not assume the same position relative to the valve seat when positioned in successive valve guides. Accordingly, for each valve seat, a grinder which is supported entirely by the pilot must be adjusted to compensate for the varying positions of said pilot.y Thisextensive adjustment is overcome by the present invention since the device is supported on a portion of the engine which is in predetermined relation to the corresponding valve seat. Other and further objects and advantages of 4 they invention will appear from the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying drawing in which:-

Fig. 1 is a front elevation of a device embodying the invention. y

Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view through the device, showing the latter inposition on a pilot, and showing the relation of the/device to a valve seat. v

Fig. 3 is an enlarged detailof a portion of ther device, showing the driving meansfor the grindingA wheel. L ,e e -Fig. 4 is a fragmentary sectional view along the line 4 4 of Fig.-1, showing the valvefor controlling the supply of fluid to the device.

Like reference characters refer to like parts in the-different ngures.

- The device, which is intended to be driven by air undercompression, such. air belngavailable in all garages which are provided with compressed air tanks for the inflation of pneumatic tires, is arranged to be positioned ona pilot which loc ates the device in eccentric relation to the valve seat. 'I'he device is shown inconnection with an automobile engine block in which the valve seat to `be ground is located. Said valve seat may be formed in the engine block or in a hardened insert positioned in said block.

Referring rst to Fig. 2, the engine block 1 from which the cylinder head has been removed, has a `valve seat 2 which, in the construction shown, is formed in a hardened steel ring 2a permanently secured in the engine block. Beneath the valve seat 2 is locatedv a bore 3 concentric to the valve seat, said bore receiving the usual valve guide 4 having the `usual axial bore in which the valve stem of they valve, not shown, is slidable. 9 The valve guide 4 nts tightly inthe bore 3 and forms va part of the engine block, the upper surface of said guide being in substantially predetermined relation to the valve seat. For supporting the device of the present invention in predetermined relation radially of the valve seat during the grinding. of saidseat, the valve guide receives a pilot 5 which is of-any suitable well-known construction, said pilot having an upper cylindrical portion 6 and lthelower portion 7 of said pilot beingtapered to fit tightly in the guide 4 Aas the pilot is pushed downwardly-therein. 'I'he tapered portion 7 provides for accurate centering of the pilot relative to the valve seat, the portion 6 of the pilot extending beyond and above the valve seat in concentric relation thereto.y

loc

The device of the present invention is mounted 2 a whose extreme lower end engages the upperk end of the valve guide 4 asindicated, thussupporting the weight of the entire device on the cylinder,

block. The upper end of the rod 8 is threaded on its outer surface for a purpose which will hereinafter appear.

Secured against lturning movementV on said sleeve, but axially slidablel thereon, is a hollow shaft 11 having a concentric bore, said shaft..

carrying a pin 12 engageable in an axial slot 13 in the rod 8 forpreventing relative turning movement between said sleeve and shaft. Said shaft 11 has an annular flange 14 thereon against whose under side are positioned in spaced relation 'the inner races of ball bearings 15, said races being spaced apart by 'a ring' 16-and being clamped against movement o n said shaft 1l by threaded rings lfl engaging a threaded portion of 4said shaft. The outer ring ofthev upper ball bearing 15 is slidable in a` cylindrical bore 18 of a sleeve 19, and the outer race of the lower ball bearing 15 is clamped against movement in said sleeve by-V an annular member 20 which has an externally threaded portion at the upper end thereof engageable with an internally threaded portion of the sleeve 19. A screw 21 extending through said sleeve and member prevents relative rotation thereof and also provides for the admission of oil for the ball bearings, the latter supporting Said wheel, as will be apparent, has a taperedv conical surface 24 which corresponds to the desired` taper of the valve seat. v

The shaft 11 has a member 25`journaled` thereon above the flange 14 and said member is held against axial sliding movement on said shaft by an arm 26 which is secured against turning movement on said shaft at the upper end thereof by a clamping screw 27 extending through lugs 28 on opposite sides of a radial slotl 29 in-said arm. The member 25 has secured thereto a shell 30 which has a depending cylindrical flange 31 extending downwardly over the sleeve 19. The

member 25 has a radial flange 32 at the lower end `thereof which engages with the cylindrical flange 31 on the shell to define an annular air space 33 between said member and shell.

Air from any suitableA source is supplied to this air space 33 through the structure indicated in Fig. 4. Referring to this iigure, the shell has a bore 34 therein which receives a plug 35 in which an air valve is positioned. Said valve comprises a ball 36 `which engages with a tapering seat 37 provided in said plug, said ball being held against said seat vby a coil spring 38 which engages with said ball at the other end and with a'recess 39 yin a connecting member 40 threaded into said plug. Said connecting member has a channel extending therethrough andthe outer end of said member is arranged to be connected to a suitable air hose 41 for connecting said member to the air supply. The plug has an axial channel 42 extending inwardly from the valve seat and the bore 34 in the shell which receives said plug is connected by a channel 43, Fig. 3, to the annular air space 33 above referred to. axially slidable in a small bore 45 in the shell has an outwardly extending head 46 on one end A pin 44, which is thereof and engages at 4the .oppositeend with the ball 36 which controls fthe air supply.A Pressure on the head 46 withdraws the ball from the valve seat and allows air under pressure to enter the annular air space 33 for actuating th device.

Referring' now to Fig. 3, the flange 32 on the lower endwof the member 25 has spaced arcuate grooves 47 therein to provide for the passage of air from the air space 33 downwardly past saidflange andA against blades 48 provided on the surface of the'sleeve 19, these blades being formed by cutting slots in said member, as indicated. .A ring 49, which is received in a groove 50 in the outer surface of the sleeve 19, is secured against turning movement relative to ther shell by screws 51 extending through said shell,

and said ring isl provided `on its'outer surfacey with arcuate slots 52 which provide blades for directing the air from the moving blades 48,.V above referred to, to a second set of blades 53 also provided on the outer surface of the sleeve 19,' in spaced relation to the blades 48. The arrangement above A described constitutes a 'twostage turbine for drivingv the grinding wheel,V

the air from the second set of blades on the sleeve 19 escaping beyond the bottom of they shell. l

The arm 26, which, as above stated, is secured against turningN movement on the upper end of the shaft 11, has a handle 54 by which said shaft, as well as the eccentric sleeve 10 may be turned about the axisof the pilot, thereby turning the grinding wheel about the pilot to carry the cutting surface of said wheel over the entire surface of the valve seat. Said arm 26 has upwardly projecting lugs 55A which support a plate 56 in spaced relation to said arm, and a nut 57 having a knurled outer surface' is supported between said plate and the arm, being held resiliently against turning movement by 4 spring-pressed plungers 58 slidable in small bores in the arm. The nut 57 has'a depending cylindrical sleeve 59 which is internally threaded for engagement with the threads on the upper end of the rod 8. Rotation of the nut relative to the arm will provide for a vertical movement of the rod 8 relative to the remainder of the device to provide for vertical adjustment of the grinding wheel toward orY away from th valve seat. Y

In operation.the device ismountedon the pilot in the position shown in Fig. 2, with the pilot positioned in the bore 9, and with the lower end of the sleeve l0 engaging with the engine, and the knurled nut 57 is then turned until the grinding wheel engages with the valve seat at onepoint thereof. 'I'he operator then opens the air valve by pressure on the head 46 and turns the handle to rotate the grinding wheel about the axis of the pilot. Since the shell is held stationary, the sleeve 19 and the grinding wheel supported thereby is rotated at a rapid rate by the air under compression and procures a grinding operation on the valve seat. Said wheel,.by reason of the eccentric sleeve 10 is eccentric to the axis of the pilot and engages, at one time, with only one portion of the valve seat. As the handle is turned, however, the grinding wheel is carried about theaxis of the pilot and grinds all portions of the valve seat. Since the rod 8 supports the device against vertical movement, the wheel grinds the seat to the perfect conicalform desired, and since the device is substantially balanced about the,axis

of the pilot, the weight of the device cannot spring the pilot to produce an untrue seat. Since the device is supported on the upper end -of the valve guide which is in predetermined relation to the valve seat, it will be clear that the successive valve seats o! an engine may be ground without any extensive adjustment of the device relative to the seats; the only adjustment necessary is the slight axial adjustment to compensate for the varying wear on the several seats.

I claim,

1. A grinder for the valve seats of engines, the latter having, during the grinding of each seat, a pilot for locating the grinder in predetermined relation radially of said seat, said grinder comprising a shell, a grinding wheel, a member journaled within said shell and supporting said wheel, means including an eccentric sleeve adapted to extend over the pilot for positioning the wheel 1n eccentric relation to the valve seat, said sleeve extending axially through said shell and member, said sleeve being adjustable axially within the shell and engageable with a portion of the engine in predetermined relation to the valve seat for adiusting .the position of the grinding wheel axially of said seat.

2. A grinder for the valve seats of engines, the latter having, during the grinding of each seat, a pilot for locating the grinder in predetermined relation radially of said seat, said grinder comprising a shell, a grinding wheel, a member journaled within said shell and supporting said wheel, means including an eccentric sleeve adapted to extend over the pilot for positioning the wheel in eccentric relation to the valve seat, said sleeve extending axially through said shell and member and being turnable within said shell, said sleeve being adjustable axially within said shell and extending beyond the wheel for engagement with a portion of the engine to support the wheel in predetermined axial relation to the valve seat.

3. A grinder for the valve seats of engines, the latter having, during the grinding of each seat, a pilot for locating the grinder in predetermined relation radially of said seat, said grinder comprising a shell, a grinding wheel, a member journaled within said shell and supporting said wheel, means including an eccentric sleeve adapted to extend over the pilot for positioning the wheel in eccentric relation to the valve seat, said sleeve extending axially through said shell and member and being turnable within said shell and member, said sleeve extending beyond the wheel for engagement with a portion of the engine to support the Wheel in predetermined axial relation to the valve seat, and means for adjusting the grinding wheel and shell axially of said sleeve.

4. A grinder for the valve seats of engines, the latter, during the grinding of each seat, having a pilot positioned therein for locating the grinder in predetermined radial relation to the seat, said grinder comprising a shell, a grinding wheel, a sleeve journaled within said shell and extending therefrom for supporting the grinding Wheel, means for procuring a rotation oi said sleeve within said shell for a rotation of the grinding wheel, a second sleeve extending through said shell and first sleeve. and engageable over the pilot for locating the grinding wheel relative to the valve seat, said second sleeve extending beyond the grinding Wheel for engagement with a portion of the engine in predetermined relation to the valve seat, and means for shifting said second sleeve axially within said shell.

5. A grinder for the valve seats of engines, the

`latter, during the grinding oi' each seat, having a pilot positioned therein for locating the grinder in predetermined radial relation to the seat, said grinder comprising a shell, a grinding wheel, a sleeve journaled within said shell and extending 89 therefrom for supporting a grinding wheel, means f for rotating said sleeve within said shell, a second sleeve extending through said shell and said first sleeve and engageable with the pilot for locating the grinding wheel in predetermined relation to the seat, said second sleeve extending beyond the grinding wheel for engagement with a portion of the engine in predetermined relation to the valve seat for supporting said wheel in predeterminedV axial position relative to said seat, said sleeves being freely turnable relative to each other without any corresponding axial movement, and means for shifting said second sleeve axially rela-l tive to the shell and said first sleeve.

6. A grinder for the valve seats of engines, the latter, during the grinding of each seat, having a pilot for locating the grinder in predetermined position radially of said seat, said grinder comprising a shell, a sleeve journaled within said shell, a grinding wheel secured to said sleeve, an eccentric sleeve extending axially through said shell and said rst sleeve for engagement with the pilot, said eccentric sleeve being turnable within said shell and said irst sleeve and being axially adjustable within said shell, and a handle 105 secured to said eccentric sleeve for a rotation of said sleeve within said shell and said first sleeve- 7. A grinder for the valve seats of engines, the latter, during the grinding of each seat, having a pilot positioned in concentric relation to said seat, said grinder comprising a shell, a sleeve journaled within said shell, a grinding Wheel on said sleeve, means engageable with the pilot for locating said sleeve and shell in predetermined relation to the valve seat, said sleeve and shell having cooperat- 118 ing vanes forming a fluid motor for a positive ro tation of the sleeve Within said shell.

8. A grinder for the valve seats of engines, the latter, during the grinding of each seat, having a pilot positioned in concentric relation to said seat, said grinder comprising a shell, a sleeve journalled within said shell, a grinding wheel on said sleeve, means engageable with the pilot for locating said sleeve and shell in predetermined relation tothe valve seat, said sleeve and shell having cooperating varies forming a iluid motor for a positive rotation of the sleeve Within said shell. and a valve positioned in said shell for controlling the admission of fluid to said uid motor.

9. A grinder for the valve seats of engines, the latter, during the grindingv of each seat, having a pilot for locating the grinder in predetermined relation radially of said seat, said grinder comprising a substantially cylindrical shell, a sleeve journaled within said shell on an axis substantially concentric with the axis of said shell, a grinding wheel on said sleeve, an eccentric sleeve journaled within said shell and turnable within said first sleeve, the outer surface of said eccentric sleeve being substantially concentric to the axis of said iirst sleeve .and said shell, means for adjusting said eccentric sleeve axially relative to said shell and ilrst sleeve, and a fluid pressure motor for procuring a rotation of said first sleeve within the shell, said motor comprising cooperating vanes on the adjacent surfaces of said sleeve and shell, and a valve in said shell for admitting fluid under pressure to said vanes.

JOHN W. HOLLAND. 15o 

